动画制作（初级）

《动画制作（初级）》是中国动漫集团1+X动画制作职业技能等级考试指定用书。本书讲解了动画制作全流程中分镜脚本、概念设计、影像采集、二维制作、三维制作、角色动画、镜头剪辑、视效合成、引擎动画九个核心岗位的基础知识，使读者能够初步进行相应岗位常规内容的加工制作。

根据《教育部办公厅 国家发展改革委办公厅 财政部办公厅关于推进1+X证书制度试点工作的指导意见》，结合动画制作职业技能等级证书考核工作需求，中国动漫集团牵头并指导上海龙奇教育信息咨询有限公司组织成立动画制作1+X证书丛书编委会，开展动画制作（初级、中级、高级）的图书编写和学习资源开发等相关工作。

前 言

1. 关于评价组织

中国动漫集团有限公司（以下简称集团）是由财政部代表国务院履行出资人职责，由文化和旅游部主管的文化央企。集团以“服务动漫产业，普及动漫文化”为使命，以“平台+内容”双轮驱动为战略，以“动漫+文旅”为主业。

集团建设运营了“国家动漫游戏综合服务平台”（国漫平台）和“国家动漫创意研发中心”项目，联合有关机构建设了沉浸式交互动漫文化和旅游部重点实验室；联合出品了《波鲁鲁冰雪大冒险》《彩虹宝宝》《二十四节气》《南丰先生》《甲午海战VR》《敦煌飞天VR》等动漫影视、VR和绘本产品；2011年起制作并在央视播出了三届动漫春节联欢晚会；承办由文化和旅游部主办的中国国际网络文化博览会，创办了中国动漫产业年会、中国卡通形象营销大会、数字艺术产业高峰论坛等特色活动；在北京、湖北和江西等地联合开展动漫科技产业园、文旅综合体建设；在文化艺术高端人才培训、艺术品展览等经营管理方面积累了丰厚经验；定期编发智库产品《国漫研究》（动漫行业月报）。

2. 内容介绍

《动画制作（初级）》教材从强化培养动画制作操作技能，掌握实用制作技术与艺术创作技能的角度出发，较好地体现了当前新的实用知识与制作技术，对于提高从业人员基本素质，掌握动画制作初级制作岗位的职业核心知识与技能有很好的帮助和指导作用。

在编写中，根据本职业的工作特点，以能力培养为根本出发点，采用模块化的编写方式。内容共分为三大流程、9个章节，主要内容包括项目前期分镜脚本、概念设计、影像采集，中期二维制作、三维制作、角色动画，后期镜头剪辑、视效合成、引擎动画。每一章着重介绍相关专业理论知识与专业制作技能，使理论与实践得到有机的结合。

为方便读者掌握所学知识与技能，本书每章后附有实操考核项目。更多线上学习资源可在1+X动画制作职业技能等级证书官方网站（www.asiacg.cn）获取。

本书可作为动画制作（初级）职业技能培训与鉴定教材，也可供全国中、高等职业院校相关专业师生，以及相关从业人员参加职业培训、岗位培训、就业培训使用。

第1章? 分镜脚本

1.1 岗位描述 ······························1

1.1.1 岗位定位 ································· 1

1.1.2 岗位特点 ································· 2

1.1.3 工作重点和难点 ························ 2

1.1.4 代表案例 ································· 2

1.1.5 代表人物 ································· 5

1.2 知识结构与岗位技能 ·················6

1.2.1 知识结构 ································· 6

1.2.2 岗位技能 ································· 7

1.3 标准化制作细则 ······················8

1.3.1 文字分镜的标准化制作流程 ··············· 8

1.3.2 静态画面分镜的标准化制作流程 ···12

1.3.3 动态画面分镜的标准化制作流程 ···17

1.4 岗位案例解析 ······················ 18

1.4.1 前期素材准备 ·························· 18

1.4.2 编写文字分镜头 ······················· 24

1.4.3 场面调度设计 ·························· 24

1.4.4 分镜小草图的绘制 ····················· 25

1.4.5 最终分镜稿的绘制 ····················· 25

1.4.6 电子分镜的绘制 ······················· 26

1.5 实操考核项目······················ 29

第2章? 概念设计

2.1 岗位描述 ···························· 35

2.1.1 岗位定位 ································ 36

2.1.2 工作重点和难点 ······················· 36

2.2 知识结构与岗位技能 ··············· 36

2.2.1 知识结构 ································ 36

2.2.2 岗位技能 ································ 37

2.3 标准化制作细则 ···················· 37

2.3.1 正面头骨骨骼与角色分形归纳 ······ 38

2.3.2 侧面头骨骨骼与角色分形归纳 ······ 40

2.3.3 空间中头部骨骼分形空间占有

方式 ······································ 41

2.3.4 角色核心底层特征类比区分 ········· 42

2.4 岗位案例解析 ······················ 44

2.5 实操考核项目 ······················ 44

第3章? 影像采集

3.1 岗位描述 ························· 47

3.1.1 岗位定位 ································ 47

3.1.2 岗位特点 ································ 48

3.1.3 工作重点和难点 ······················· 48

3.1.4 代表案例 ································ 48

3.1.5 代表人物 ································ 51

3.2 知识结构与岗位技能 ··············· 53

3.2.1 知识结构 ································ 53

3.2.2 岗位技能 ································ 54

3.3 标准化制作细则 ···················· 60

3.3.1 常规地面拍摄任务 ····················· 61

3.3.2 无人机 ··································· 68

3.4 岗位案例解析 ······················ 72

3.5 实操考核项目 ······················ 80

第4章? 二维制作

4.1 岗位描述 ···························· 82

4.1.1 岗位定位 ································ 83

4.1.2 岗位特点 ································ 84

4.2 知识结构与岗位技能 ··············· 84

4.2.1 原画与动画的关系 ····················· 84

4.2.2 知识结构 ································ 86

4.2.3 岗位技能 ································ 89

4.3 标准化制作细则 ···················· 91

4.3.1 传统动画（中间画）的绘制方法 ··· 91

4.3.2 数媒动画（中间画）的绘制技巧 ··· 91

4.3.3 表现技巧 ································ 92

4.4 岗位案例解析 ······················ 93

4.4.1 基础表情动画绘制 ····················· 93

4.4.2 基础转头动画绘制 ····················· 95

4.4.3 进阶转头动画绘制 ····················· 96

4.5 实操考核项目 ······················ 98

第5章? 三维制作

5.1 岗位描述 ··························· 102

5.1.1 岗位定位 ······························ 102

5.1.2 岗位特点 ······························ 103

5.1.3 工作重点和难点 ····················· 104

5.2 知识结构与岗位技能 ·············· 105

5.2.1 知识结构 ······························ 105

5.2.2 岗位技能 ······························ 106

5.3 标准化制作细则 ··················· 107

5.3.1 曲面模型制作 ························ 107

5.3.2 多边形模型制作 ····················· 108

5.4 岗位案例解析 ····················· 121

5.4.1 低模手绘场景：南瓜屋 ············· 121

5.4.2 次时代角色建模：饥饿鲨鱼 ······· 142

5.4.3 工业产品建模：32.98m玻璃钢拖网

渔船 ···································· 149

5.5 实操考核项目 ····················· 156

第6章? 角色动画

6.1 岗位描述 ························ 167

6.1.1 岗位定位 ······························ 167

6.1.2 岗位特点 ······························ 168

6.1.3 工作重点和难点 ····················· 168

6.1.4 代表案例 ······························ 168

6.1.5 代表角色 ······························ 168

6.2 知识结构与岗位技能 ·············· 168

6.2.1 知识结构 ······························ 169

6.2.2 岗位技能 ······························ 169

6.3 标准化制作细则 ··················· 170

6.3.1 角色绑定与蒙皮 ····················· 171

6.3.2 动作调试 ······························ 171

6.4 岗位案例解析 ····················· 172

6.4.1 角色绑定、蒙皮、权重 ············· 173

6.4.2 角色行走动画 ························ 176

6.5 实操考核项目 ····················· 178

第7章? 镜头剪辑

7.1 岗位描述 ··························· 181

7.1.1 岗位定位 ······························ 182

7.1.2 岗位特点 ······························ 182

7.1.3 工作重点和难点 ····················· 183

7.2 知识结构与岗位技能 ·············· 183

7.2.1 知识结构 ······························ 183

7.2.2 岗位技能 ······························ 184

7.3 标准化制作细则 ··················· 185

7.3.1 仪器设备使用 ························ 185

7.3.2 Premiere技术应用 ··················· 185

7.3.3 Photoshop技术应用 ·················· 186

7.4 岗位案例解析 ····················· 187

7.4.1 案例内容 ······························ 187

7.4.2 案例步骤 ······························ 187

7.4.3 案例解析 ······························ 196

7.5 实操考核项目 ····················· 197

第8章? 视效合成

8.1 岗位描述 ··························· 202

8.1.1 岗位定位 ······························ 202

8.1.2 岗位特点 ······························ 203

8.2 知识结构与岗位技能 ·············· 203

8.2.1 知识结构 ······························ 203

8.2.2 岗位技能 ······························ 204

8.3 标准化制作细则 ··················· 207

8.3.1 合成制作规范 ························ 207

8.3.2 特效制作规范（后期、特效） ···· 209

8.3.3 审核标准 ······························ 209

8.3.4 工作职责 ······························ 209

8.4 岗位案例解析 ····················· 210

8.5 实操考核项目 ····················· 218

第9章? 引擎动画

9.1 岗位描述 ·························· 219

9.1.1 岗位定位 ······························ 219

9.1.2 岗位特点 ······························ 220

9.1.3 工作重点和难点 ····················· 220

9.2 知识结构与岗位技能 ·············· 220

9.2.1 知识结构 ······························ 221

9.2.2 岗位技能 ······························ 221

9.3 标准化制作细则 ··················· 221

9.3.1 材质基础 ······························ 221

9.3.2 地形工具 ······························ 223

9.3.3 光源 ···································· 225

9.3.4 雾气 ···································· 226

9.4 岗位案例解析 ····················· 227

9.4.1 导入模型和贴图资源 ················ 227

9.4.2 创建材质球 ·························· 228

9.4.3 地形工具 ······························ 230

9.4.4 植物工具 ······························ 232

9.4.5 模型导入场景 ························ 232

9.4.6 灯光 ···································· 232

9.4.7 雾气 ···································· 234

9.5 实操考核项目 ····················· 235

附录A? 职业技能等级证书标准说明

附录B? 职业技能考核培训方案准则