2022高技术发展报告

“以科学咨询支撑科学决策、以科学决策引领科学发展”是党和国家赋予中国特色新型智库的光菜使命。中国科学院作为国家自然科学*高学术机构和科学技术高咨询机构，面向决策组织开展事关国家发展全局和长远的重大问题的咨询研究，面向社会公众传播科学思想和科学理念。

目录
前言 i
第一章 材料技术新进展 1
1.1 金属材料技术新进展 3
1.2 新型陶瓷材料技术新进展 13
1.3 碳纤维材料技术新进展 20
1.4 石墨炔技术新进展 31
1.5 3D打印材料技术新进展 41
1.6 太赫兹量子级联激光器新进展 50
1.7 材料信息学技术新进展 58
第二章?能源技术新进展 69
2.1 油气开采技术新进展 71
2.2 煤炭清洁高效利用技术新进展 78
2.3 太阳能技术新进展 87
2.4 风力发电技术新进展 96
2.5 海洋能技术新进展 103
2.6 先进核能技术新进展 113
2.7 电化学储能技术新进展 121
2.8 先进制氢技术新进展 131
2.9 节能技术新进展 141
2.10 新型电网技术新进展 149
2.11 综合能源系统技术新进展 159
第三章?材料和能源技术产业化新进展 167
3.1 半导体硅材料现状及产业化新进展 169
3.2 低维碳材料产业化新进展 176
3.3 高端稀土功能材料产业化新进展 184
3.4 海洋工程重防腐材料产业化新进展 190
3.5 煤炭间接液化产业化新进展 197
3.6 煤制烯烃技术产业化新进展 207
3.7 核能技术产业化新进展 213
3.8 先进储能电池产业化新进展 220
3.9 压缩空气储能技术产业化新进展 227
第四章?高技术产业国际竞争力与创新能力评价 235
4.1 中国高技术产业国际竞争力评价 237
4.2 中国高技术产业创新能力评价 260
第五章 高技术与社会 281
5.1 纳米生物安全性问题及应对策略 283
5.2 中国科研人员参与“开放获取”的现状、问题与对策 290
5.3 中国科技伦理教育的问题与趋势 298
5.4 核电再次腾飞的挑战 306
5.5 美国材料基因组计划的科学意义和政策含义 314
5.6 拓展开放科学的边界：从开放获取到开放社会 321
第六章 专家论坛 329
6.1 新材料产业发展战略与创新实践 331
6.2 中国制造业高质量发展现状与政策建议 339
6.3 “双碳”背景下创新政策范式转型与思考 350
6.4 打造高能级创新联合体加快科技自立自强的思路与对策 357
6.5 “双碳”背景下氢燃料电池汽车发展现状、挑战与政策建议 363
6.6 战略性新兴产业未来发展与政策建议 371
6.7 “链时代”产业发展的战略选择 377
CONTENTS
Introduction i
Chapter 1 Progress in Material Technology 1
1.1 Metallic Materials Technology 3
1.2 New Ceramics Materials Technology 13
1.3 Carbon Fiber Materials Technology 20
1.4 Graphdiyne Technology 31
1.5 3D Printing Materials Technology 41
1.6 Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser 50
1.7 Materials Informatics Technology 58
Chapter 2 Progress in Energy Technology 69
2.1 Oil & Gas Exploitation Technology 71
2.2 Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization Technology 78
2.3 Solar Technologies 87
2.4 Wind Power Generation Technology 96
2.5 Ocean Energy Technology 103
2.6 Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology 113
2.7 Electrochemical Energy Storage Technology 121
2.8 Advanced Hydrogen Production Technology 131
2.9 Energy Conservation Technology 141
2.10 New Power Grid Technology 149
2.11 Integrated Energy System 159
Chapter 3 Progress in Commercialization of Materials and Energy Technology 167
3.1 The Current Situation and New Commercialization Progress of Semiconductor Silicon Materials 169
3.2 Commercialization of Low-dimensional Carbon Materials 176
3.3 Commercialization of Advanced Rare Earth Functional Materials 184
3.4 Commercialization of Ocean Engineering Heavy Anti-corrosive Materials 190
3.5 Commercialization of Indirect Coal-to-Liquid Technology 197
3.6 Commercialization of Coal to Olefin Technology 207
3.7 Commercialization of Nuclear Power Technology 213
3.8 Commercialization of Advanced Battery for Energy Storage 220
3.9 Commercialization of Compressed Air Energy Storage Technology 227
Chapter 4 Evaluation on High Technology Industry International Competitiveness and Innovation Capacity 235
4.1 Evaluation on International Competitiveness of Chinese High Technology Industry 237
4.2 The Evaluation of Innovation Capacity of Chinese High Technology Industry 260
Chapter 5 High Technology and Society 281
5.1 The Biosafety Issues of Nanomaterials and Coping Strategies 283
5.2 Chinese Scientists’ Participation in Open Access：Current Situation，Problems and Policy Suggestions 290
5.3 The Problems and Trends of Science and Technology Ethics Education in China 298
5.4 The Challenges to Nuclear Power Redevelopment 306
5.5 The Scientific Significance and Policy Implications of the American Materials Genome Initiative 314
5.6 Expanding the Boundary of Open Science：from Open Access to OpenSociety 321
Chapter 6 Expert Forum 329
6.1 New Material Industry Development Strategies and Innovation Practice 331
6.2 Status and Policy Suggestions of High-quality Development of China’s Manufacturing Industry 339
6.3 Innovation Policy Paradigm Transformation and Thinking under the Background of“Carbon Peaking and Neutrality Goals” 350
6.4 High-level Innovation Consortium for S＆T Self-reliance and Self-improvement 357
6.5 Development Status，Challenges and Policy Recommendations of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles under the Background of“Carbon Peaking and Neutrality Goals” 363
6.6 Future Development and Policy Suggestions for Strategic Emerging Industries 371
6.7 Strategic Choice of Industrial Development in“Chain Era” 377